Flying – Air Dolomiti Embraer E195

I-ADJM is an example of the Embraer 190/195 (model ERJ 190-200LR, type E195, type description L2J), and this particular aircraft was delivered new to Air Dolomiti on 4 March 2009, making it more than 15 years old (in 2024).

Air Dolomiti was founded in late 1989 as an Italian regional airline, and in 2003 was taken over by Lufthansa.

This aircraft was built in São José dos Campos, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. We tend to forget that Embraer is the third largest producer of civil aircraft worldwide after Boeing and Airbus. The name derives from Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica.

Embraer was created as a Brazilian state-owned company in the late 1960s, and was privatised in the mid-1990s. In very simple terms Embraer, along with the Canadian Bombardier, were a duopoly in the smaller narrow-body aircraft market (between 70 to 120 passengers), whilst Airbus and Boeing were also active in that same market place. But Airbus and Boeing were also a separate duopoly in the wide-body aircraft market employed in transoceanic flights. So there was some overlap in the narrow-body market (which was very regional in nature), but there was no real direct competition between the duopolies because they acted in different segments of the global market.

However, in 2017, Boeing, based on the WTO’s agreements on antidumping and subsidies, challenged a huge sale of Bombardier’s new aircraft (C-Series now called the A220) to a US air transport company. This dispute triggered a cycle of consolidation in the sector, which eventually led to the acquisitions of the C-Series program by Airbus and of an Embraer’s majority stake by Boeing.

Even before these changes, there had been considerable consolidation with companies producing pieces and systems which are then assembled into the final aircrafts. Original equipment manufactures (OEMs) had already started to reduce the number of suppliers they used, and had put in place a business model of “risk-sharing” (i.e. first-tier suppliers looking to share the costs of conception and production of components, subsystems, etc. with second-tier and third-tier suppliers). One distinctive feature of Embraer and Bombardier was that some of their first-tier suppliers were in fact firms than were larger than the aircraft manufacturers themselves (this was not the case for either Boeing and Airbus). And this was equally true for their customers, many of which were also larger than either Embraer and Bombardier. However, over time, the “balance of power” had shifted to the disadvantage of Embraer and Bombardier, and the subsidies they received increasingly came under attack.

In 1999, Embraer correctly forecasted that the market was moving toward larger regional jets and it was the first company to move to the category of 100–120 seats, where it competed with the older Airbus 318 and Boeing 717. The new aircraft family was developed and produced through 16 risk-sharing partnerships and 22 first-tier suppliers, some of them bigger than Embraer itself.

In 2016 Embraer had a turnover in excess of $6 billion, employed around 18,000 people, and had an order book of more than $19 billion. But when Bombardier was acquired by Airbus, Embraer found itself with a much more powerful competitor in the regional jet market. So it was not surprising that a merger or acquisition of Embraer by Boeing came on the table. In 2018 it was decided to create a new company exclusively dedicated to producing commercial jets, in which Boeing holds 80% of the shares and Embraer the remaining 20%, and with the Brazilian government holding a “golden-share“.

The Embraer E-Jet family is a series of four-abreast, narrow-body, short- to medium-range, twin-engined jet airliners designed to carry between 66 and 124 passengers. So it was larger than any prior aircraft built by the company. It started in early March 2004 with the first E170 deliveries, and the larger versions of the aircraft, the E190 and E195, debuted later in 2004. The first delivery was for the E190(-100) to JetBlue. Even before the first aircraft was delivered, Embraer announced an additional variant in 2005. The 190 AR (Advanced Range) had a higher maximum permissible take-off and landing weight and thus a range of up to 300 nautical miles longer thanks to structural reinforcements of the fuselage and changes to the wings. The Embraer 190 has space for 98 passengers in two-class seating, and up to 118 in a tighter all-economy seating. 

The E195 (actually a E190-200) is just the stretched version of the Embraer 190-100. An additional fuselage segment was added in front of and behind the wings. Even before the first aircraft was delivered, Embraer also announced the version 195 AR (Advanced Range). The E195 has space for 108 passengers in two-class seating, and up to 126 in a narrower all-economy seating arrangement. Deutsche Lufthansa AG received five of the E195 with seating for 116 passengers for its wholly owned subsidiary Air Dolomiti in 2009. 

A slightly stretched version of the E170 was also introduced in mid-2005 as the E175. During the 2010s, Embraer developed a second generation, the E-Jet E2 family, with more fuel-efficient engines.

We often see a mention of 190/195 and the model ERJ 190-200LR, but the reality is that the various models of ERJ 190-200 are in fact referred to as E195 or “Embraer 195” in Embraer marketing literature, but its just a marketing designation and is not part of the official model designation.

The only visible difference between the E190 and E195, is that the E195 is 2.42 m longer, but has the same height, wing span, engines, etc. However the difference does impact the different aircrafts weight, etc., and thus their flying characteristics.

The type description L2J just means a landplane (L), with two (2) jet (J) engines (check out Aircraft Type Designators).

The difference in length between the E190 and E195 translates into an additional 10 seats, however every carrier will have a variety of different seating plans available. I think the one used on this flight was 8 business seats, and 104 economy seats, all seats with the same width (18.25″) and pitch (32″). Comments mentioned the lack of in-flight entertainment, but stressed the comfortable leg room.

You often also see the E195 coded as Y122 (or CY122), i.e. meaning just 122 economy seats. In fact one source mentioned that this aircraft had been reconfigured as CY122 between February 2019 and sometime in 2022. It also mentioned that before February 2019 it had been configured as CY116 and named “Madama Butterfly di Giacomo Puccini”. The seat code of Y122 (or CY122) just means that the aircraft is authorised to carry up to 122 passengers, which inevitably will be in an all-economy configuration.